Total knee joint replacement, also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or worn-out knee joint with an artificial joint. This procedure is typically indicated for individuals who are experiencing severe knee pain, limited mobility, and reduced quality of life due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other forms of joint degeneration.
The surgery involves removing the damaged portions of the knee joint, which include the ends of the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia), as well as the kneecap (patella). These are then replaced with prosthetic components made from metal alloys, high-grade plastics, or ceramics, which mimic the anatomy and function of a natural knee joint. The prosthetic components can be inserted using cement to secure them in place or through a technique called "press-fit."
Total knee joint replacement aims to alleviate pain, restore joint function, and improve overall joint stability and range of motion. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and may require a hospital stay of several days. Post-surgery rehabilitation, including physical therapy, is crucial to achieve optimal outcomes and to gradually regain strength, flexibility, and mobility in the new knee joint.
While total knee joint replacement is generally considered a safe and effective procedure, potential risks and complications may include infection, blood clots, implant loosening or dislocation, nerve or blood vessel damage, and allergic reactions to anesthesia or prosthetic materials. The potential benefits and risks of the surgery should be carefully evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon in collaboration with the patient to determine if the procedure is appropriate for each individual case.
